Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, machubu a X-ray azachipatala akhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa kujambula zithunzi. Machubu awa ndi gawo lofunikira la makina a X-ray omwe amalola madokotala kuwona mkati mwa odwala ndikupeza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa momwe machubu a X-ray azachipatala amagwirira ntchito kungatithandize kumvetsetsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kumakankhira kujambula zithunzi za matenda pamlingo wapamwamba.
Pakati pachubu cha X-ray chachipatalaIli ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: cathode ndi anode, zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zipange kuwala kwa X-ray. Cathode imagwira ntchito ngati gwero la ma elekitironi pomwe anode imagwira ntchito ngati chandamale cha ma elekitironi awa. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chubu, cathode imatulutsa ma elekitironi ambiri, omwe amalunjika ndikufulumizitsidwa kupita ku anode.
Cathode ndi ulusi wotentha, womwe nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi tungsten, womwe umatulutsa ma elekitironi kudzera mu njira yotchedwa thermionic emission. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu imatenthetsa ulusiwo, zomwe zimapangitsa ma elekitironi kutuluka pamwamba pake ndikupanga mtambo wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayaka. Kenako chikho chowunikira chopangidwa ndi nickel chimapanga mtambo wa ma elekitironi kukhala mtanda wopapatiza.
Kumbali ina ya chubu, anode imagwira ntchito ngati chandamale cha ma elekitironi otulutsidwa ndi cathode. Anode nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi tungsten kapena zinthu zina zambiri za atomiki chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kwake kupirira kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuphulika kwa ma elekitironi. Ma elekitironi othamanga kwambiri akagundana ndi anode, amachedwetsa liwiro mwachangu, kutulutsa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a X-ray photons.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga chubu cha X-ray ndi kuthekera kochotsa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuti izi zitheke, chubu cha X-ray chili ndi makina oziziritsira opangidwa bwino kuti apewe kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa anode. Makina oziziritsirawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena madzi kuzungulira anode, zomwe zimathandiza kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa kutentha bwino.
Mtambo wa X-ray wotuluka ndi chubucho umapangidwanso ndi kutsogozedwa ndi ma collimator, omwe amawongolera kukula, mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a munda wa X-ray. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kuyang'ana X-ray molondola pamadera ofunikira, kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwa kuwala kosafunikira kwa odwala.
Kupanga machubu a X-ray azachipatala kunasintha kwambiri kujambula zithunzi popatsa madokotala chida chosavulaza kuti azitha kuona kapangidwe ka thupi lamkati. Ma X-ray akhala othandiza kwambiri pozindikira kusweka kwa mafupa, kuzindikira zotupa komanso kufufuza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa X-ray wasintha kwambiri kuti uphatikizepo computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, ndi mammography, zomwe zakulitsa luso lake lozindikira matenda.
Ngakhale kuti machubu a X-ray ali ndi ubwino wambiri, zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa ziyenera kudziwika. Akatswiri azachipatala amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitha kufananiza ubwino wa kujambula zithunzi za X-ray ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kuwala kochuluka kwa dzuwa. Njira zotetezera kwambiri komanso kuwunika mlingo wa kuwala kwa dzuwa zimathandiza kuti odwala alandire chidziwitso chofunikira chodziwira matenda pomwe akuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Powombetsa mkota,machubu a X-ray azachipatalazasintha kwambiri kujambula zithunzi polola madokotala kufufuza momwe thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito popanda njira zowononga. Kapangidwe kake kovuta ka chubu cha X-ray chokhala ndi cathode, anode ndi makina oziziritsira thupi kamapanga zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri za X-ray kuti zithandize kuzindikira matenda molondola. Pamene ukadaulo ukupitilira kupita patsogolo, titha kuyembekezera kusintha kwina pa kujambula zithunzi za X-ray kuti kupindulitse odwala komanso akatswiri azaumoyo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2023