Onani momwe machubu a X-ray amagwirira ntchito: Momwe akusinthira kutengera matenda

Chiyambireni kuyambika kwake, machubu a X-ray azachipatala athandiza kwambiri pakusintha kwazithunzi za matenda. Machubuwa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la makina a X-ray omwe amalola madokotala kuwona mkati mwa odwala ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa momwe machubu a X-ray amagwirira ntchito kungathandize kumvetsetsa kwathu kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kumakankhira chithunzithunzi chambiri.

Moyo wa azachipatala X-ray chubuimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: cathode ndi anode, zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apange chithunzi cha X-ray. Cathode imagwira ntchito ngati gwero la ma electron pamene anode imakhala ngati chandamale cha ma electron. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chubu, cathode imatulutsa mtsinje wa ma electron, womwe umalunjika ndikufulumizitsa ku anode.

Cathode ndi filament yotentha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi tungsten, yomwe imatulutsa ma elekitironi kudzera munjira yotchedwa thermionic emission. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu imatenthetsa ulusi, kuchititsa kuti ma elekitironi atuluke pamwamba pake ndikupanga mtambo wa tinthu tating'ono toyipa. Kapu yolunjika yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala kenaka imapanga mtambo wa ma elekitironi kukhala mtengo wopapatiza.

Kumbali ina ya chubu, anode imakhala ngati chandamale cha ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi cathode. Anode nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi tungsten kapena zinthu zina zapamwamba za atomiki chifukwa cha malo ake osungunuka komanso kuthekera kwake kupirira kutentha kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi bombardment ya elekitironi. Ma elekitironi othamanga kwambiri akawombana ndi anode, amachedwa pang’onopang’ono, n’kutulutsa mphamvu m’njira ya X-ray photon.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga machubu a X-ray ndikutha kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika pakagwira ntchito. Kuti izi zitheke, chubu cha X-ray chimakhala ndi makina oziziritsa ovuta kwambiri kuti asatenthedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa anode. Njira zoziziritsazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuzungulira kwa mafuta kapena madzi mozungulira anode, kuyamwa bwino ndikutaya kutentha.

Mtengo wa X-ray wotulutsidwa ndi chubu umapangidwanso ndikuwongolera ndi ma collimators, omwe amawongolera kukula, mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe a munda wa X-ray. Izi zimathandiza madotolo kuti aziyang'ana kwambiri ma X-ray pamadera omwe ali ndi chidwi, ndikuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi ma radiation osafunikira kwa odwala.

Kupanga machubu a X-ray azachipatala kunasinthiratu kuyerekeza kwa matenda popatsa madokotala chida chosasokoneza kuti athe kuwona momwe thupi limapangidwira. Ma X-ray atsimikizira kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pozindikira kuti fupa lathyoka, kuzindikira zotupa ndi kufufuza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa X-ray wasintha kuti uphatikizepo computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, ndi mammography, kukulitsa luso lake lozindikira matenda.

Ngakhale kuti machubu a X-ray ali ndi ubwino wambiri, ziwopsezo zomwe zingakhalepo chifukwa choyatsidwa ndi radiation ziyenera kuvomerezedwa. Akatswiri azachipatala amaphunzitsidwa kulinganiza ubwino wa kujambula kwa X-ray ndi kuvulaza komwe kungatheke chifukwa cha ma radiation ochuluka. Ma protocol okhwima otetezedwa komanso kuwunika kwa mlingo wa radiation kumawonetsetsa kuti odwala alandila zidziwitso zowunikira ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa ma radiation.

Powombetsa mkota,mankhwala X-ray machubuasintha malingaliro ozindikira matenda mwa kulola madokotala kuti afufuze momwe thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga. Mapangidwe ovuta a X-ray chubu ndi cathode, anode ndi kuzizira kwake kumapanga zithunzi za X-ray zapamwamba kuti zithandize kuzindikira molondola. Pamene ukadaulo ukupitilirabe patsogolo, titha kuyembekezera kusintha kwina kwa kujambula kwa X-ray kuti tipindule ndi odwala komanso akatswiri azachipatala.